Memorial of Saints (February 20)

St. Ulric was an English hermit. He was converted to this state of life by a beggar he conversed with. But before he became a hermit, he was a parish priest. In his conversion to the eremitical life, Ulric's led a very penitential and holy life, which led kings Henry I and Stephen (successor to Henry) to make a pilgrimage to Ulric's hermit cell. Various miracles were reported at Ulric's tomb (died ca. 1154 A.D.).

Blessed Elizabeth of Mantua was an Italian of noble and wealthy ancestry. Elizabeth and one of her sisters entered the Third Order of the Servites after their mother's death. Elizabeth was known to have the gift of making predictions - with one prediction accurately made about her death, before it happened a year after. Many miracles were reported to have happened at her tomb (died ca. 1468 A.D.).

St. Eleutherius of Tournai became bishop of Tournai in Gaul in the year 486 A.D. At that time, the Arian heresy was influencing many Christians to their teaching. But St. Eleutherius was able to win back his people from the Arians. Because of his success, a group of Arians attacked him and beat him up as he left his church (died ca. 532 A.D.).

Sts. Tyrannio, Zenobius and Companions were martyrs of the early 4th century A.D. Tyrannio was bishop of Tyre, while Zenobius was a priest and physician of Sidon. Together with other Christians, they were martyred for their faith in Christ. St. Tyrannio was tortured, and then was drowned. St. Zenobius was put on the rack, and died later on from the torture (died ca. 310 A.D.).

St. Sadoth was a deacon who represented his bishop in the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D. When Sadoth's bishop was martyred, Sadoth succeeded to the episcopate. But because of the intense persecutions of Christians at the time by Persian King Sapor II, Sadoth went into hiding. Sapor II eventually reached also the area where Sadoth was, and had him and many of his faithful imprisoned. All of them were tortured and St. Sadoth was beheaded (died ca. 342 A.D.).

St. Eucherius of Orleans became a Benedictine monk. Despite his vehement objections, he was elected bishop of Orleans in 721 A.D. When Eucherius opposed Charles Martel in the use of Church revenues to finance his wars, Martel exiled Eucherius to Cologne in Germany. In Cologne, Eucherius became popular, so Charles had him arrested but allowed Eucherius to retire to a monastery near Maastricht in the Netherlands (died ca. 743 A.D.).

1st Sunday of Lent (B)

(Edited) Reflections (from:) 1st Sunday of Lent (B), February 26, 2012

Liturgical readings

Genesis 9:8-15 Psalm 25 1 Peter 3:18-22 Mark 1:12-15

"Reform your lives and believe in the good news."

The gospel passage for the 1st Sunday of Lent (B) is comprised of only 4 verses; yet, in many Catholic bible translations, this passage is divided into two paragraphs: The Temptation of Jesus (verses 12-13) and The Beginning of Jesus' Galilean Ministry (verses 14-15). Mark's description of the temptation of Jesus is not as detailed as that of Matthew's version (Mt 4:1-11), nor of Luke's version (Lk 4:1-13). In Mark's version, there are no descriptive details of the Jesus' encounter with Satan. And the victory of Jesus over Satan's temptation is implied in the gospel of Mark.

Jesus was like all humanity in every way except for sin. God was made flesh in Him to give all the faithful strength against sin and the practice of virtue. Because of the sin man inherited from Adam and Eve, he easily succumbs to sin, either venial or mortal. Only Jesus in His purity can give all humanity strength to obey God, follow His counsels and inspirations. Since all have been gifted with faith at the sacrament of baptism, the baptized have the responsibility to nurture this faith in Jesus. The quality of this faith gives strength to overcome temptations: the cravings of the flesh, the concupiscence of the eyes, and the strong pull of worldly ambition - three temptations that can ruin and destroy souls (as it almost did St. Augustine, before his conversion).

St. Augustine read and studied the bible well. In one of his sermons, St. Augustine teaches that the battle against evil is "harsher for those who are young". He is speaking from experience and reflecting in his wisdom years. It is true. In old age, the seniors (seasoned Catholics) know well about this fight and have passed through it many times. Quoting St. Augustine, he says: "you have grown old in this combat...age has worn you of the fight". And the wise saint continues to say that even old age can "wear out the foes". But St. Augustine knows the importance of vigilance, because he knows the ancient enemy still "does not cease to disturb the peace even of old age".

Memorial of Saints (February 12)

St. Marina was brought by her father (a Bithynian) to a monastery dressed as a boy. Marina suffered much and was assigned the lowliest tasks. She was also made to perform the most severe penances. When her gender was revealed at her death, all those who maltreated or falsely accused her were filled with remorse (date of death unknown).

St. Julian the Hospitaler was of noble birth. He married a wealthy widow and lived in a castle. While Julian was away, his parents arrived seeking him. Julian's wife accommodated them for the night in the master's bedroom. When Julian was startled to see a man and woman in his bed, he killed them, not knowing that it was his parents. Filled with much remorse, he fled from the castle, resolving to do a fitting penance. He was joined by his wife and they built an inn for travelers and a hospital for the poor. Julian was eventually forgiven for his crime (date of death unknown).

St. Meletius of Antioch was appointed bishop of Sebastea in ca. 358 A.D. When the appointment caused dissension, Meletius fled to the desert and then to Syria. In 361 A.D., he was elected archbishop of Antioch. But conflicts continued and Meletius was exiled to Lower Armenia. Since the Arian heresy was causing great rifts in the Church, Meletius suffered further exiles. Only in 378 A.D., when the pro-Arian Valens died, that Meletius was reinstated to his see. St. Meletius presided at the 3rd General Council of Constantinople (died ca. 381 A.D.).

St. Ethelwald was an assistant to St. Cuthbert and became prior of Old Melrose in Scotland. He eventually became abbot of the monastery. Upon the death of Eadfrith in 721 A.D., Ethelwald succeeded as bishop of Lindisfarne. St. Ethelwald was highly praised by St. Bede the English historian (died ca. 740 A.D.).

St. Antony Kauleas was of Phrygian descent. He entered a monastery near Constantinople upon the death of his mother. In time, he became abbot of the monastery. In 893 A.D., he was chosen patriarch of Constantinople. As patriarch, Antony was active in reconciling the differing theological factions within his patriarchate (died ca. 901 A.D.).

St. Ludan was the son of a Scottish prince. On the death of his father, he gave his inheritance to the poor and built a hospice for pilgrims and the ill. He then went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. On the way back, he dreamed of his death in a place near Strasbourg. When he awoke, he was given communion by an angel, and then afterwards, he passed away (died ca. 1202 A.D.).